Tay Sachs disease
Background
Tay Sachs is a life-threatening, progressive, genetic, lysosomal storage disease. Like all metabolic diseases there is a block because a catalyst or enzyme, necessary to perform essential chemical reactions in the body, is absent or malfunctioning. This defect results in the build up of chemicals on one side of the metabolic blockage and a deficiency of vital chemicals on the other. In this case the enzyme concerned is hexosaminidase A (hex-A). In its absence a lipid GM(2) ganglioside builds up abnormally in the body. The nerve cells in the brain are particularly affected.