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Alopecia

What are the causes?

Male Balding

Male balding is caused by hormone reactions and a genetic predisposition. Most balding men, though not all, have a family history of balding. The balding tendency can probably be inherited from either father or mother but at present we have only a limited understanding of the genes that are responsible.

Female Pattern Hair Loss

As in men, there can be a genetic predisposition to hair thinning that runs in families. Some women with female pattern hair loss have increased levels of male-type hormones in their bloodstream but most do not and the cause of the hair loss is not yet known.

Alopecia Areata

The exact mechanism in AA has not been identified but it is thought that it can be triggered in a number of ways that include environmental factors, infection, viruses, sunlight or the stress of events such as bereavement or accidents. Genetic predisposition is also thought to play a part as up to twenty per cent of people with AA have a close relative similarly affected. People with AA are slightly more likely than the general population to develop other autoimmune disorders such as Thyroid disorders, Vitiligo or Diabetes Mellitus.

Other causes of alopecia include:

  • Chemotherapy or radiotherapy for cancer;
  • Under active thyroid gland (see entry, Thyroid disorders);
  • Childbirth. Some women experience excessive hair shedding two to three months after childbirth. This is temporary and recovers fully after a few months in almost all women;
  • Increased hair shedding may also occur following various illnesses, especially those associated with a high temperature or rapid weight loss;
  • Fungal infections of the skin (mainly in children);
  • Some medical drugs;
  • Genetic diseases. Hair loss or thinning is a feature of many genetic abnormalities, such as ectodermal dysplasias, although all of these conditions are rare.

View What are the symptoms? What are the symptoms?  |  How is it diagnosed? View How is it diagnosed?

Medical text written July 2005 by Contact a Family and Dr A Messenger, Consultant Dermatologist, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.

 

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